Downy mildew Plasmopara halstedii : importance and geographical distribution on sunflower in Morocco. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. On a collection of mites infesting herbs used as spices and oil seeds in India with special reference to Western Ghat Areas. Records of the Zoological Survey of India.
Helianthus annuus as a natural host for Stemphylium vesicarium in Iran. Australasian Plant Disease Notes. First report on the occurrence of a new pathotype, , of Plasmopara halstedii sunflower downy mildew in Hungary. Plant Disease. First report on the occurrence of a globally new pathotype, , of Plasmopara halstedii causing sunflower downy mildew in Hungary. First report on the increased distribution of pathotype of Plasmopara halstedii in Hungary.
First report of bacterial stalk and head rot disease caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum on sunflower in Turkey. New record of host plants of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley Tinsley, , Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae in Alexandria and Behaira governorates.
Journal of Entomology. Serological and coat protein sequence studies suggest that necrosis disease on sunflower in India is caused by a strain of Tobacco streak ilarvirus.
Archives of Virology. Occurrence and distribution of sunflower necrosis virus disease in major sunflower growing areas of Andhra Pradsh. The introduction of the exotic Q biotype of Bemisia tabaci from the Mediterranean region into China on ornamental crops. Florida Entomologist. The ecology of Helicoverpa spp. Lepidoptera: Noctuidae in the Riverina region of south-eastern Australia and the implications for tactical and strategic management. Bulletin of Entomological Research.
Carpogenic germination of Sclerotinia minor and potential distribution in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology. FAO, General distribution of different arthropods species associated with sunflower in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: a survey of Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi District:.
Pure and Applied Biology. First report of anthracnose of sunflower sprouts caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in New Mexico.
Occurrence, distribution and control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae , an invasive alien pest in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension. First report of the highly virulent race of Plasmopara halstedii downy mildew of sunflower in Portugal and in Spain. A new race of Verticillium dahliae causing leaf mottle of sunflower in Europe. Gomzhina M, Gannibal P, Diaporthe species infecting sunflower in Russia. BIO Web of Conferences. First report of charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina on sunflower in North and South Dakota.
First report of Orobanche ludoviciana parasitizing sunflowers. Plant Health Progress. First report on the occurrence of Tobacco streak virus in sunflower in Iran.
Journal of Plant Pathology. First report of Serratia marcescens causing yellow wilt disease on sunflower in Russia. New Disease Reports. New record of spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher Acari: Tetranychidae on sunflower and reaction of few CMS lines to mite infestation. Insect Environment. Genetic diversity and distribution of Korean isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum. Kajita H, Geographical distribution and species composition of parasitoids Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci-complex Homoptera: Aleyrodidae in Japan.
Applied Entomology and Zoology. Molecular genotyping of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from different regions and host plants in Iran. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. First appearance of white mould on sunflower caused by Sclerotinia minor in the Republic of Macedonia. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research. Occurrence and feeding of hemipterans on common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Hungary.
Bulletin of Insectology. Kondaiah R H, Sreeramulu A, Survey on fungal diseased crops in Cuddapah District of Andhra Pradesh. Distribution of invasive weeds on the territory of AP Vojvodina. Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with different plants grown in newly reclaimed area in North West Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Agronematology. Distribution and transmission of Iris yellow spot virus.
First report of sunflower white mold caused by Sclerotinia minor jagger in Inner Mongolia region, China. Molecular diversity of the Aphis gossypii Hemiptera: Aphididae : a potential vector of potyviruses Potyviridae.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Intraspecies diversity of Macrophomina phaseolina in Iran. Mahmoud A, Budak H, First report of charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in sunflower in Turkey. Biodiversity of spider mites Acari: Tetranychidae in Serbia: a review, new records and key to all known species. Cadophora malorum: a new pathogen of sunflower causing wilting, yellowing, and leaf necrosis in Russia. First report of phomopsis stem canker of sunflower Helianthus annuus caused by Diaporthe gulyae in Canada.
First report of pathogenicity of Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium acuminatum on sunflowers in the United States. First report of tobacco streak virus infecting sunflower in Argentina. First report of phomopsis stem canker of sunflower in Illinois caused by Phomopsis helianthi. Weed survey in central north Bulgaria.
First report of resistance to metalaxyl in downy mildew of sunflower caused by Plasmopara halstedii in Spain.
First report of powdery mildew caused by Golovinomyces spadiceus on Helianthus annuus. Distribution and degree of weed growth of amaranth and other weeds in sunflower crops in Plovdiv and Stara Zagora regions. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans. First report of sunflower broomrape, Orobanche cumana Wallr.
First report of Diaporthe stewartii causing phomopsis stem canker of sunflower Helianthus annuus in Minnesota. First report of powdery mildew caused by Golovinomyces ambrosiae on sunflower in Korea. Occurrence of powdery mildew on some plants from Raipur of Chhattisgarh state. Trends in Biosciences. First report of Alternaria tomato causing leaf spot on sunflower in Mexico.
Occurrence and distribution of some sunflower viruses from sunflower fields in Kerman and Isfahan provinces, Iran. Molecular characterization of isolates of Alternariaster helianthi causing sunflower blight.
Indian Phytopathology. First report of sunflower wilt caused by Fusarium proliferatum in Inner Mongolia, China. Madras Agricultural Journal. Characterisation of a phytoplasma associated with sunflower phyllody in Fars, Isfahan and Yazd provinces of Iran.
First report of Plasmopara halstedii new races and on sunflower from the Czech Republic - short communication. Plant Protection Science. Distribution and harmfulness of Plasmopara halstedii on sunflower in the Czech Republic.
No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications. First report of bacterial head rot disease caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum on sunflower in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology.
First report of Tobacco streak virus in sunflower Helianthus annuus , cotton Gossypium hirsutum , chickpea Cicer arietinum and mung bean Vigna radiata in Australia. First report of race composition and distribution of sunflower broomrape, Orobanche cumana, in China. Shindrova P, Investigation on the race composition of downy mildew Plasmopara halstedii Farl. Berlese et de Tony in Bulgaria during Taxonomy and distribution of Calliptamus barbarus barbarus Costa, Orthoptera: Calliptaminae.
Abasyn Journal of Life Sciences. Whitefly species Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae recorded on imported ornamental plants in Croatia from In: Zbornik predavanj in referatov 9. Srinivasan K, Visalakchi S, First report of Rhizoctonia solani causing a disease of sunflower in India. Sun H Y, Liang Y, First report of anthracnose on sunflower caused by Colletotrichum destructivum in China. Invasive mealybugs of Tamil Nadu and their management. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
Survey for the occurrence of thrips fauna on sunflower and necrosis virus disease. Abundance, diversity and geographic distribution of cassava mosaic disease pandemic-associated Bemisia tabaci in Tanzania. Journal of Applied Entomology. Tosi L, Beccari G, A new race, , of Plasmopara helianthi pathogen of sunflower downy mildew in Italy. Tosi L, Zazzerini A, First report of downy mildew caused by Plasmopara helianthi races and of sunflowers Helianthus annuus in Italy.
Distribution of invasive weed species in agroecosystems. First report of the rook-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hispanica, infecting sunflower in Greece. Geographic and host range of Meloidogyne spp. First report of curvularia blight on sunflower caused by Curvularia aeria in Mexico.
Velichi E, Sunflower white rust - Albugo tragopogonis, a new disease for the North-East Baragan area. First report of Diaporthe phaseolorum on sunflower Helianthus annuus in Croatia. First report of charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on sunflower in Illinois. Witt A, Luke Q, Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa. First report of Phytophthora drechsleri causing black stem rot and crown decay of sunflower in China. First report of sunflower broomrape wilt caused by Fusarium brachygibbosum in China.
First report of broomrape wilt caused by Plectosphaerella cucumerina in Inner Mongolia, China. First report of stem rot of sunflower broomrape Orobanche cumana caused by Sclerotinia minor jagger in Inner Mongolia, China. First report of white blister rust caused by Albugo lepidii on broad leaf pepperwort Lepidium affine in China. First report of sunflower wilt caused by Plectosphaerella cucumerina in China.
First report of sunflower charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Jilin and Inner Mongolia, China. First report of rhizopus head rot of sunflower caused by Rhizopus arrhizus syn. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Toggle navigation. Datasheet Helianthus annuus sunflower. Don't need the entire report? Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Generate report.
Expand all sections Collapse all sections. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September Title Flower head Caption Helianthus annuus sunflower ; flower. The disk flowers are typically darker yellow compared to the ray flowers. Note scale. Title Seeds Caption Helianthus annuus sunflower ; seeds. Stylopodium short, tubular, moderate 0. Carpopodium asymmetric, white, in two opposite unequal semicircular sections, Morphology Fig.
Pappus not 2. A l , A2 : Cross section of tetragonous, more or less tuncate at the apex, cypsela shows nearly rhomboid outline without not ribbed. Cypsela surface faintly striated with any lobe. Cypsela wall about 2. Pericarp : Distinguished into 3 zones, i acroscopic twin hairs, densely crowded towards Epicarpic zone-Cells very small, the apex. Stylopodium short, tubular.
C a r p o p o d i u m a s y m m e t r i c , walled, thinly cuticularized, ii Mesocarpic brownish white, in t w o o p p o s i t e unequal z o n e - O u t e r r e g i o n formed by a massive semicircular sections.
Carpopodial cells thick parenchymatous tissue. Cells thick walled, walled, multiseriate. Pappus not elongated without any intercellular spaces, less found in mature specimens. Cypsela wall oriented one-layered ray cells. Cells of each about 0. Pericarp: sclerenchyma b r a c e gradually smaller and Distinguished into 3 zones, i Epicarpic zone - thicker towards outside. Inner region Cells comparatively large, parenchymatous, represented by few parenchyma cells, situated t a n g e n t i a l l y o r i e n t e d , t h i c k w a l l e d with inner side of ray cells, iii Endocarpic zone- brownish substance, thickly cuticuiarised.
Cells massive parenchymatous tissue. Cells thick tangentially oriented without inter cellular walled, more or less tangentially elongated, spaces. Inner zone formed by few layers of without any intercellular spaces, about 3 ceils loosely placed parenchymatous cells. Mukherjee inner mesocarpic region. Inner mesocarpic zone Epicarpic zone -Cells small, parenchymatous, formed by numerous radially elongated tangentially o r i e n t e d , thick walled, thinly sclerenehymatous braces of about cells cuticularised with b r o w n i s h substance, ii wide, separated by radially oriented one layered Mesocarpic zone -Outer region formed by a ray cells, iii Endocarpic zone -Outer zone massive parenchymatous tissues.
Cells thick represented by a narrow layer of thick walled walled, more or less tangentially elongated, p a r e n c h y m a t o u s cells. C e l l s tangentially without any intercellular spaces, about cells oriented without intercellular spaces. Innerzone thick. A n a r r o w d i s c o n t i n o u s stripe of formed by one or two layers of loosely placed phytomelan layer exists in between outer and p a r e n c h y m a t o u s cells. T e s t a : Secondarily inner mesocarpic region.
Inner mesocarpic separated from pericarp and distingushed into region formed by numerous radially elongated 2 regions, i Testa epidermis -Made up of a sclenrenchymatous braces of about cells narrow layer of thin walled parenchymatous wide separated by radially oriented one layered cells, ii Inner zone of testa - Very narrow, ray cells, iii E n d o c a r p i c zone -This zone formed by collapsed parenchymatous cells.
Testa : Secondarily E n d o s p e r m : A t t a c h e d w i t h testa, single separated from pericarp, distinguished into 2 layered, ceils thick walled. Cotyledon : Two, regions, i Testa epidermis -It is made up of a each with 3 resin canals. Two median vascular traces exist on this zone. Cotyledon : Two, each with blackish b r o w n in colour, slightly tapered 3 resin canals.
C y p s e l a s u r f a c e striated with longitudinal lines transversely bloched by Morphology Fig. Carpopodial cells very thick walled, longitudinal lines, transversely bloched by multiseriate.
Detachment area obliquely basal. Pappus not found in mature specimens. Carpopodium asymmetric, black, in Anatomy Fig. Cypsela wall about 0. Pappus not wide. Pericarp : Distinguished into 3 zones, i found in the mature specimens. Mukherjee f F i g. C I , C2 - Helianthus debilis subsp. E3-A part of testa and e n d o s p e r m at the lateral lobe. The Morphology and Anatomy of the Cypselas. Carpopodium asymmetric, black, in lobe. Epicarpic zone - Cells comparatively large, Detachment area obliquely basal.
Pappus not parenchymatous, tangentially oriented, thick found in mature specimens. Cypsela wall about 1. Pericarp : Distinguished into 3 zones, i discontinuous strip of phytomelan layer exists Epicarpic zone - Cells comparatively large, in between outer and inner mesocarpic region.
Cells thick layered ray cells, iii Endocarpic zone - This w a l l e d , a n g u l a r , m o r e o r less t a n g e t i a l l y zone represented by one row of thick walled elongated, without any intercellular spaces, parenchymatous cells.
Cells tangentially about cells wide. A narrow discontinuous oriented without any intercellular spaces. Testa strip of phytomelan layer exists in between outer :. S e c o n d a r i l y separated form pericarp and and inner masocarpic region. Inner mesocarpic distinguished into 2 regions, i Testa epidermis region fomed by numerous large and - It is made up of a narrow layer of thick walled comparatively small radially elongated parenchymatous cells.
Cells thinly cuticularisd. Two radially oriented one layered ray cells, iii lateral v a s c u l a r t r a c e s exist on this z o n e. Endocarpic Zone - Outer zone represented by Endosperm : Attached with testa, single layered.
Cotyledon : Two c e l l s. Inner zone formed by one canals. Testa : It is secondarily separated from 5 Helianthus simulans pericarp and is distinguished into 2 regions, i Testa epidermis - It is made up of a narrow Morphology Fig. Two towards the base, more or less truncate at the lateral v a s c u l a r traces exist on this z o n e.
Cypsela surface transversely Endosperm: Attached with testa, single layered. Cotyledon : Two. Mukherjee 6 Helianthus strumosus H. Endosperm : Single g r a d u a l l y t o w a r d s the base, more or less layered, cells very thick walled.
Cotyledon : t r u n c a t e at the apex, not ribbed. C y p s e l a Two, each with 3 resin canals. Carpopodium asymmetric, brownish homomorphic, obovate, 3.
Carpopodial cells thick tetragonous, more or less truncate at the apex, walled multiseriate. Detachment area obliquely not ribbed. Cypsela surface faintly striated with basal. Stylopodium short, lobes. Carpopodium Pericarp : Distinguished into 3 z o n e s , i asymmetric, blackish brown, in two opposite Epicarpic zone -Cells comparatively large, semicircular sections, Carpopodial cells thick parenchymatous, tangentially oriented, thick walled, m o r e or less elliptic, multilayered.
Pappus not substance, ii Mesocarpic zone - Outer region found in mature specimens. Cells thin walled, angular, small, more or less A n a t o m y Fig. A narrow any lobe. Pericarp : Distinguished into 3 zones, i between outer and Inner mesocarpic region. Epicarpic zone - Cells comparatively large, Inner mesocarpic region formed by a ring of parenchymatous, tangentially oriented, thick massive sclerenehymatous tissues, iii walled, thickly cuticularised, with brownish E n d o c a r p i c z o n e - Outer represented by a substance, ii Mesocarpic zone - Outer region narrow layer of thick walled parenchymatous formed by a massive parenchymatous tissues.
Inner zone by one or two layers of spaces about 4 cells thick. A narrow loosely placed parenchymatous cells. Testa : It discontinuous strip of phytomelan layer exists is secondarily separated from pericarp and is in between outer and inner mesocarpic region. Cells tangentially separation of species. Inner zone simulans, carpopodia are black, in Ft. Testa : Secondarily argophyllus and H. Presence of into 2 regions, i Testa epidermis -It is made carpopodium in Helianthus has been noticed by up of a n a r r o w l a y e r of t h i n - w a l l e d Robinson 1 9 8 1 and H a q u e and G o d w a r d parenchymatous cells, ii Inner zone of testa - Detachment area is uniform in all species It is very narrow and is formed by collapsed of this genus.
So, it has less taxonomi c value at parenchymatous cells. Two lateral vascular the specific level. No pappus bnstles or scales traces exist on this zone. Cotyledon : Two, each are seen in any of the supplied mature cypselas. Cross sections of mature cypselas show nearly Discussion rhomboid outline ijxH.
However, cypselas have lateral wing like o u t g r o w t h s , there are some variations which can be which are absent in others. Cypsela wall is employed for chracterization of taxa. It is Cyselas are homomorphic, obovate to wide very thick in H. This species can Anatomically, the mature pericarp of cypsela is be easily separated from other species of distinguishable into three zones.
T h e outer Helianthus by the size of cypselas. Apical part epicarpic zone is constituted by a layer of of cypsela is often truncate and surface is parenchymatous cells containing some brownish faintly striated with vertical lines which are substance, but without having characteristic extended from base to apex.
Twin hairs are thickening. Similar type of epicarpic cells have found in H. Presence of characteristic thickening simulans. Presence or absence of hairs can be has been reported by Misra a n d Pandey useful at the species level.
Stylopodium is , Epicarpic cells may be small or usually tubular with variable sizes. As the large, either tangentially or radially oriented. Mukherjee Epicarpic cells appear to be useful to a limited Testal zone usually exists in two parts. Outer scale at the species level. Two vascular divided into 2 to 3 regions, i the glandular traces are found in this zone. These m a y be parenchymatous mesocarpic region which is median in position in H.
So, the position of vascular thick, w h i l e in H. The cells of the e n d o s p e r m are thick t w o regions of mesocarpic zone.
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