ISO provides before-the-fact measures of the product's software during development to identify and eliminate structural weaknesses before they cause operational problems. A team of international software experts at CISQ sorted through a wide range of software weaknesses and selected the most dangerous ones for inclusion in ISO measures, where 'danger' was based on knowing a weakness had to be removed from the software to avoid damaging business operations or excessive IT costs.
The search for severe weaknesses must be conducted across the entire stack of software technologies and their interconnections that compose a modern system. Counts of the weaknesses are calculated for each of the four factors that may then be transformed into comparative measures such as the density of weaknesses or the sigma level achieved by the product.
The ISO weaknesses include serious problems at both the architectural and component levels to provide a complete evaluation of the factors determining a system's trustworthiness, dependability, and resilience. The other weaknesses comprising ISO have similar undesirable impacts on business operations and IT costs.
ISO measures can be used to set measurable targets for ensuring the trustworthiness, dependability, and resilience of software systems.
These targets can be written into requests for proposals, statements of work, and contracts as acceptance criteria for software products delivered by system integrators, software vendors, and other third-party suppliers.
They can also be used with internal software teams to establish release criteria or improvement targets. Some of the weaknesses contained in ISO , such as the most dangerous security and reliability weaknesses, should be marked as 'unacceptable,' and software cannot be put into operation until they have been removed.
The ISO standard is implemented by vendors of static analysis technology that detect, report, and measure its weaknesses across the entire technology stack and its interconnections. IT organizations should select a vendor technology that is endorsed by the Consortium for Information and Software Quality www. Chapter 3 in this part of the book gives such interpretations and explanations.
The need for a special interpretation of ISO for software was noted quite early, and in ISO published a guide for this purpose. The guide is numbered ISO , and its title is "Quality management and quality assurance standards - Part 3: Guidelines for the application of ISO to the development, supply, installation and maintenance of computer software ISO ". This document is a guideline , not a standard. It incorporates some parts of ISO in verbatim, and in those parts the word "shall" is used.
In the rest of the text, the word "should" is used. Even though ISO is a guideline and uses "should", it has a special status. In those cases, "should" is taken to mean "shall". However, if there is a "should" in ISO , which you do not fulfill, you should be prepared to explain to an auditor how you handle that issue instead, and why you still believe that you fulfill ISO However, as one might expect, the chapter 4.
Sometimes I meet software engineers, who are frustrated with ISO and The standard is solely aimed at being a tool for the customer.
Basically, ISO makes the supplier implement basic management of software development, and the standard then enforces visibility, so that the customer can see what the developers are doing and judge it. In practice, ISO and can also be used as guides for the supplier's management, helping them control development and gain insight into what is really going on.
In the end of the eighties, the ISO standards had become quite popular in Europe. Manufacturing industries were certified to the ISO standards in increasing numbers. Some of the certified companies had a considerable computer department, developing and maintaining software for use inside the company, and the certification of these departments came to vary depending on the auditors' competence and the attitude of the certification body.
About this time, companies with software as a part of their products started to apply for certification, and soon pure software houses joined in. The industry in Europe was becoming increasingly apprehensive about ISO certification of development and maintenance of software. It was feared that different certificates might have very different value, and thereby remove the rationale for certification.
British software industry, together with the British Department of Trade and Industry, launched an initiative to amend the situation and called it TickIT.
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